David Schmitt, Eugene Rizio and Atanas Atanassov,
Program Associates, Tree Fruit IPM
- Peach
- Apple
- Blueberry
Peach Report
Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): A biofix for TABM was set for southern counties on April 23. This insect has really fallen off as a primary pest in recent years, and is now more of a ‘minor’ status. We will have more on treatments next week.Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM): There are striking differences between the populations in well managed peach orchards in southern counties, and populations in apple orchards in the same areas. Populations in northern county peaches are also still high.
If 4 alternate middles or 2 complete insecticide sprays have been completed then OFM should not be treated as a primary target, unless trap counts are over 6-8 adults/trap. Under ‘normal’ conditions, trap counts will continue to bottom out over the next two weeks. If you have counts over 6 males per trap, then treatments are still justified. If you have already used Imidan or another OP insecticide, change to an alternative chemistry. In central and northern counties, insecticides are still required according to the following degree day timings.
Trap counts have also continued to increase in these counties (27 males/trap in northern counties), and healthy populations are still present in southern county apples (52/trap).
For Planning Purposes: If your trap counts indicate that the first flight is over, and trap numbers are near “0”, and you plan to employ mating disruption, order your ties or sprayable now. It is still early to place mating disruption dispensers, but you can plan on it in about a 10 days to 2 weeks. Also just prior to the second flight, you may wish to choose the sprayable pheromone formulation in place of hand placed dispensers. Checkmate OFM F (Suterra) should be applied in a solid application @ 1.32-2.93 ozs. acre. Two applications should be made: One prior to the beginning of the next flight (usually late May); and again at mid-flight (usually about mid June). Checkmate can also be used as a low rate frequent application (LRFA). Simply add 0.25-0.8 ozs. in cover sprays at 7-10 day intervals. If spraying alternate middle, double the desired rate/ac. Tend toward the high rate for both solid and alternate middle LRFA application methods if your orchard has high pressure or if frequent rains are forecast.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB): BMSB are starting to become active, but many are still in their overwintering sites. Because some fruit crops are about 10 days ahead of normal, conditions are ideal for early season injury and BMSB development.
County / Region
|
1st Spray Date
|
2nd Spray Date
|
Gloucester – Southern
|
past
|
4/26
|
Monmouth – Central
|
past
|
5/3-4
|
Hunterdon - Northern
|
4/23-29
|
5/7-9
|
For Planning Purposes: If your trap counts indicate that the first flight is over, and trap numbers are near “0”, and you plan to employ mating disruption, order your ties or sprayable now. It is still early to place mating disruption dispensers, but you can plan on it in about a 10 days to 2 weeks. Also just prior to the second flight, you may wish to choose the sprayable pheromone formulation in place of hand placed dispensers. Checkmate OFM F (Suterra) should be applied in a solid application @ 1.32-2.93 ozs. acre. Two applications should be made: One prior to the beginning of the next flight (usually late May); and again at mid-flight (usually about mid June). Checkmate can also be used as a low rate frequent application (LRFA). Simply add 0.25-0.8 ozs. in cover sprays at 7-10 day intervals. If spraying alternate middle, double the desired rate/ac. Tend toward the high rate for both solid and alternate middle LRFA application methods if your orchard has high pressure or if frequent rains are forecast.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB): BMSB are starting to become active, but many are still in their overwintering sites. Because some fruit crops are about 10 days ahead of normal, conditions are ideal for early season injury and BMSB development.
Plum Curculio (PC): Adults are active, and some fresh injury was found last week in nectarines in southern counties. Pyrethroids should not be relied upon for PC control if temperatures are forecast to be 80 or above, especially in blocks which have a history of injury. Growers should maintain coverage, especially around orchard borders, with highly effective materials until at least the end of May.
Apple Report
Codling Moth (CM): The following chart updates application timings for southern, central and northern counties. Growers should try to time sprays the best way possible and not cut insecticide rates. Growers who had injury in previous seasons should NOT USE Guthion or Imidan or other OP insecticides. Growers with high populations should be transitioning away from the older materials to Delegate, diamides, IGR’s or mating disruption combined with alternative materials. The 2nd complete spray timing for CM generally coincides with timings for TABM. Materials used for TABM should also be very effective for CM.
Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
|
|||||||||
Application and Insecticide Type
|
|||||||||
| County Area | Rimon: 75-100DD + 14-17 days later Intrepid: 150 + 450 DD |
Intrepid 150 + 450 DD Diamides - Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD) + 14-21 days later |
Cyd-X, Carpovirusine 250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR) |
Standard Insecticides, Diamides – Belt, Tourismo 250 DD + 550 DD |
|||||
| DD |
50
|
100
|
150
|
150
|
450
|
250
|
250
|
550
|
|
| Southern |
Past
|
Past
|
5/1
|
5/1
|
5/23-26
|
5/6
|
5/6
|
5/30-31
|
|
| Central |
Past
|
5/3
|
5/6
|
5/6
|
5/30 |
5/11-12
|
5/11-12
|
6/5-6
|
|
| Northern |
5/1
|
5/5
|
5/9
|
5/9
|
6/6-7
|
5/25-28
|
5/25-28
|
6/12-13
|
|
Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): A biofix for TABM was set for southern counties on April 23. This insect has really fallen off as a primary pest in recent years, and is now more of a ‘minor’ status. We will have more on treatments next week.
Plum Curculio (PC): This is a primary insect target in many areas, especially at petal fall. Growers, particularly in northern counties are seeing fruit that is almost ready to be thinned in the same blocks with petals still present. There is no easy answer. There may be some PC injury, but those petals will likely drop as soon as the temperatures warm up again. Since those same warm temperatures will bring out the PC, growers should be prepared to apply a petal fall insecticide as soon as possible. See peach section for other information.
Aphids (Spirea and Apple Aphids, and Rosy Apple Aphids): Rosy aphid colonies have been found above thresholds in some southern county orchards, and present in small numbers in northern county plantings. This is largely due to the rapid early season phenology and the subsequent difficulty timing delayed dormant applications. Use an average of 1 colony/tree for a rosy aphid treatment level. Beneficials are present in many blocks. Unfurl curled leaves to see of aphids are either parasitized or have syrphid larvae feeding on them. Parasitized aphids appear brown and swollen and may have exit holes in the abdomen. If predators are present, and most aphids are already dead, then treatments may not be needed. If in northern counties, the protective aphidcides have not yet been applied, then they will be due at petal fall. Try Not To Mix neonicotinoid insecticides and SI fungicides together at petal fall, especially if flowering weeds are present in the orchard. This mixture can be very toxic to bees.
Apple Scab and Other Diseases: The rains this week and last are bringing multiple scab infection periods. A few of the recent showers have been at night. It should be noted that nightime rains generally release a only small percentage of mature ascospores, so while a large percentage overwintering ascospores have already matured and been released, inoculum for primary scab infections still exists. This is especially of concern in orchards that had scab last year. According to the NEWA models, about 98% of the overwintering ascospores are mature in southern counties, but about 88% are mature in Hunterdon County.
Fire Blight: Growers who still have bloom present should plan on Fire Blight protective sprays. The NEWA model predicts High to Extreme Fire Blight conditions for the rest of the week and into the weekend.
Scouting Calendar
The following table is intended as an aid for orchard scouting. It should not be used to time pesticide applications. Median dates for pest events and crop phenology are displayed. These dates are compiled from observations made over the past 5-10 years in Gloucester County. Events in northern New Jersey should occur 7-10 days later.| Pest Event or Growth Stage | Approximate Date | 2012 Observed Date |
Full
Bloom Peach (Redhaven)
|
April
16 +/- 7 Days
|
March
26
|
Full
Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)
|
April
20 +/- 9 Days
|
April
11
|
Petal
Fall (Redhaven)
|
April
21 +/- 9 Days
|
April
10
|
Petal
Fall (Red Delicious)
|
April
27 +/- 13 Days
|
April
26
|
Shuck
Split (Redhaven)
|
April
29 +/- 7 Days
|
April
18
|
Tufted
Apple Bud Moth Biofix
|
May
4 +/- 10 Days
|
April
23
|
Plum
Curculio Oviposition Begins
|
May
5 +/- 16 Days
|
April
23
|
Oriental
Fruit Moth – 375 DD target
|
May
10 +/- 10 Days
|
April
26
|
Codling
Moth Biofix
|
May
14 +/- 16 Days
|
April
14
|
Blueberry Report
Aphids: Sampling indicates that 39% of monitored sites were positive for low levels of aphids. Most positive sites show only single aphids as opposed to colonies. Only 2 sites out of 60 were just over the 10% infestation level.
Plum Curculio (PC): Beating tray samples showed that 5% of samples were positive for adults. This is a drop since the previous report most likely due to cooler temperatures. Some egg scars are present on set fruit at a few locations. This year, it looks like both PC and aphids will be primary targets in the first post pollination insecticide.
Cranberry Weevil: About 8% of our beating tray samples show small numbers of weevils. This pest is not an issue at this time.
Leps. and Leafroller Larvae: Beating tray and shoot samples show about one third of samples are positive. Most larvae are green Fruitworm, and most numbers are well below the treatment threshold of 1 larva/100 clusters, or 5% positive shoots. Our highest sample site was at 6% shoot infestation and the tray sample here was at 0.6/100 clusters.
Thrips: No thrips presence was noted in flower and fruit beating tray samples. This has not been an issue this season.
Tree Fruit Trap Counts - Southern Counties
| Weekend | STLM | TABM-A | CM | AM | OFM-A | DWB | OFM-P | TABM-P | LPTB | PTB |
| 3/24 | 2 | 3 | 0.17 | |||||||
| 3/31 | 2 | 27 | 0.28 | |||||||
| 4/07 | 7 | 2 | 0.14 | |||||||
| 4/14 | 3 | 0 | 24 | 0.34 | 0 | |||||
| 4/21 | 9 | 0.3 | 11 | 49 | 2 | 0 | ||||
| 4/28 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 52 | 2 | 1 |
Tree Fruit Trap Counts - Northern Counties
| Weekend | STLM | CM | TABM-A | AM | DWB | OBLR | OFM-P | TABM-P | LPTB | PTB |
| 3/24 | 15 | 0 | ||||||||
| 3/31 | 51 | 0 | ||||||||
| 4/07 | 71 | 0 | ||||||||
| 4/14 | 88 | 0 | 1.8 | |||||||
| 4/21 | 202 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.7 | ||||||
| 4/28 | 56 | 8.2 | 0.0 | 6.9 |
Blueberry Insect Trap Captures
| Atlantic County | |||||||
| Week Ending | CBFW | RBLR | OBLR | SNLH | Or. Beetle | BBM | BMSB |
| 4/7 | 105 | ||||||
| 4/14 | 51 | ||||||
| 4/21 | 2.6 | 25 | |||||
| 4/28 | .43 | 5.6 | |||||
| Burlington County | |||||||
| Week Ending | CBFW | RBLR | OBLR | SNLH | Or. Beetle | BBM | BMSB |
| 4/7 | 49 | ||||||
| 4/14 | 42 | ||||||
| 4/21 | .25 | 16 | |||||
| 4/28 | .4 | 4.3 | |||||
