 |
| Fresh bacterial spot lesions (L) Older established lesions (R) |
David Schmitt, Eugene Rizio and Atanas Atanassov,
Program Associates, Tree Fruit IPM
- Peach
- Apple
- Pear
- Blueberry
Peach
Bacterial Spot: Recent weather conditions are very favorable for Bacterial Spot Infection. Symptoms from infections that mostly occurred on 4/29 are now appearing on sensitive varieties in southern counties. Make sure to maintain coverage with antibiotics or copper applications prior to rain events in order to minimize the impact of these infections.| Conventional, Diamides | Conventional, Diamides | Intrepid, Rimon | Bt | |
| County Area | AM | EM | EM | EM |
| Southern | 1st about 5/24-5/26; 2nd 5/31-6/4 |
1st 5/28-5/29 | 1st 5/26-6/1 | 1st 5/29-6/1 |
| Central | Too early to predict | |||
| Northern | Too early to predict |
Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM): Populations have decreased in all counties. Growers in southern counties can prepare to start placing mating disruption ties if they desire. Even though you may later use an intense program for brown marmorated stink bug, use of mating disruption can provide good resistance management, and be an effective tool for OFM control. The second of 2 sprays are due in northern counties as outlined in the table below.
| County / Region | 1st Spray Date | 2nd Spray Date |
| Gloucester – Southern | past | past |
| Monmouth – Central | past | 5/4-6 |
| Hunterdon - Northern | past | 5/10-12 |
Applying mating disruption for OFM: Growers who plan to employ mating disruption should place ties in the orchard now, or begin applying sprayable pheromone after the first generation is over (end of the week to early next week in southern counties and about 10 days later in northern counties). If using the sprayable, Checkmate OFM-F (Suterra) is should be applied in a solid application @ 1.32-2.93 ozs. Acre with 2 applications: One prior to the beginning of the next flight, or within the 6-7 days; and again at mid-flight (early to mid June). Checkmate can also be used as a low rate frequent application (LRFA). Add 0.25-0.8 ozs. in cover sprays at 7-10 day intervals. If spraying alternate middle, double the desired rate/ac. Tend toward the high rate for both solid and alternate middle LRFA application methods if your orchard has high pressure or if frequent rains are forecast. Native Stink
Native Stink Bugs and Other Catfacing Insects: Stinkbugs activity will undoubtedly increase once a warmer weather pattern is established. So far catfacing injury has been about normal in southern counties.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB): In a cooperative project, we have placed experimental traps at the interface between woods and crop areas at Cream Ridge (peaches), in Atlantic County (grapes), and near Hammonton (blueberries).
Adults are now emerging, and can be found in these traps. As adults continue to emerge from overwintering sites, they become sexually mature and start to feed.
Growers who plan on using a BMSB targeted program, may consider Thionex as an early part of their program. Be aware that Thionex has a 30 day PHI for peach and nectarine, a 21 day PHI for apples, and a 7 day PHI for pears. The EC formulation has a 7 day REI, but the WP formulation has a 20 day REI, so use the EC formulation. The strategy for Thionex use is to use it early enough to allow for the proper PHI for your varieties, but late enough to have BMSB activity. Remember that you may make a maximum of 2 applications per year, and it may not be used after July 31 of this year on cherries, peaches or nectarines. It may not be used after July 31 of 2015 on apples. Thionex is NOT a good PC material, so if you are using Thionex, then add another material for PC control – see below, or substitute one of the materials listed below for the first BMSB spray.
Plum Curculio (PC): Plum Curculio activity will begin to peak with the arrival of warmer weather. Pyrethroids should not be relied upon for PC control if temperatures are forecast to be 80 or above, especially in blocks which have a history of injury. Growers should maintain coverage, especially around orchard borders, with highly effective materials until about the end of May. Early PC control can be attained with Actara, Belay, Avaunt, and Endigo (premix of Actara and Lambda Cyhalothrin), and suppressed with Assail. All of these materials are active against BMSB. High rates of some pyrethroids are also active against PC and BMSB. These include Warrior, Cyfluthrin, Baythroid and Danitol.
White Peach Scale (WPS); San Jose Scale (SJS): WPS crawlers should be emerging soon in southern counties (see scouting calendar below). Emergence typically lasts about 4 weeks. The most effective materials at this time are Esteem or Centaur. Both have long residuals and may have some carry over into SJS crawler emergence, which usually begins in early June. If using Tourismo (Belt/Centaur) premix for TABM, control do not rely on the Centaur component for scale control. Rather add 29.1-39.9 ozs. Centaur to adjust to the proper rate of 34.5–46.5 ozs./ac. Field observations indicate that Actara when used for catfacing insects, PC, and BMSB has good efficacy for WPS crawlers.
Green Peach Aphid (GPA): Green Peach aphids are at treatable levels in many blocks in both northern and southern counties, even where prior applications for control were made. Any neonicotinoid will give good aphid control. If you are using a single material, then Actara has the best spectrum for pests that are present at this time. Premixes are also effective.
Rusty Spot (RS): Rusty Spot symptoms were observed this week. Infections are often found near hedgerows containing Multiflora Rose or near apple plantings. Maintain coverage with effective materials for Rusty Spot until pit hardening in mid-June.
Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): See peach section.
Plum Curculio (PC): See peach section.
Aphids (Spirea and Apple Aphids, and Rosy Apple Aphids): Apple aphids usually begin building about this time, and have been seen in many orchards. Colonies are very small and are not yet producing honeydew. For the spirea/green apple aphid complex, a threshold of 50% terminals infested should be used to determine the need for treatment. If predators are present, treatment can be delayed unless populations are very high. Rosy Aphids are still troublesome in a few orchards in southern counties.
White Apple Leafhopper (WALH): Leafhopper nymphs should begin appearing soon. Leafhoppers should be tolerated unless scouting indicates an average of 3/leaf. Potato leafhoppers have not been seen yet.
Plum Curculio (PC): Plum Curculio activity will begin to peak with the arrival of warmer weather. Pyrethroids should not be relied upon for PC control if temperatures are forecast to be 80 or above, especially in blocks which have a history of injury. Growers should maintain coverage, especially around orchard borders, with highly effective materials until about the end of May. Early PC control can be attained with Actara, Belay, Avaunt, and Endigo (premix of Actara and Lambda Cyhalothrin), and suppressed with Assail. All of these materials are active against BMSB. High rates of some pyrethroids are also active against PC and BMSB. These include Warrior, Cyfluthrin, Baythroid and Danitol.
White Peach Scale (WPS); San Jose Scale (SJS): WPS crawlers should be emerging soon in southern counties (see scouting calendar below). Emergence typically lasts about 4 weeks. The most effective materials at this time are Esteem or Centaur. Both have long residuals and may have some carry over into SJS crawler emergence, which usually begins in early June. If using Tourismo (Belt/Centaur) premix for TABM, control do not rely on the Centaur component for scale control. Rather add 29.1-39.9 ozs. Centaur to adjust to the proper rate of 34.5–46.5 ozs./ac. Field observations indicate that Actara when used for catfacing insects, PC, and BMSB has good efficacy for WPS crawlers.
Green Peach Aphid (GPA): Green Peach aphids are at treatable levels in many blocks in both northern and southern counties, even where prior applications for control were made. Any neonicotinoid will give good aphid control. If you are using a single material, then Actara has the best spectrum for pests that are present at this time. Premixes are also effective.
Rusty Spot (RS): Rusty Spot symptoms were observed this week. Infections are often found near hedgerows containing Multiflora Rose or near apple plantings. Maintain coverage with effective materials for Rusty Spot until pit hardening in mid-June.
Apple
Codling Moth (CM): The following chart updates application timings for southern, central and northern counties. Overall, trap counts are low, but a few sites still show populations above treatment levels, even though 2 timed treatments may have already been applied.
Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
|
||||||||
Application and Insecticide Type
|
||||||||
County Area
|
Rimon:
75-100DD + 14-17 days later
Intrepid: 150 + 450 DD
|
Intrepid
150 + 450 DD
Diamides - Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD) + 14-21 days later
|
Cyd-X, Carpovirusine
250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)
|
Standard Insecticides, Diamides – Belt, Tourismo
250 DD + 550 DD
|
||||
DD
|
50
|
100
|
150
|
150
|
450
|
250
|
250
|
550
|
Southern
|
Past
|
Past
|
5/1
|
5/1
|
5/23-26
|
5/10
|
5/10
|
5/30-31
|
Central
|
Past
|
5/3
|
5/6
|
5/9
|
5/30
|
5/16
|
5/16
|
6/5-6
|
Northern
|
5/2
|
5/7
|
5/12
|
5/12
|
6/6-7
|
5/19-21
|
5/19-21
|
6/12-14
|
Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): See peach section.
Plum Curculio (PC): See peach section.
Aphids (Spirea and Apple Aphids, and Rosy Apple Aphids): Apple aphids usually begin building about this time, and have been seen in many orchards. Colonies are very small and are not yet producing honeydew. For the spirea/green apple aphid complex, a threshold of 50% terminals infested should be used to determine the need for treatment. If predators are present, treatment can be delayed unless populations are very high. Rosy Aphids are still troublesome in a few orchards in southern counties.
White Apple Leafhopper (WALH): Leafhopper nymphs should begin appearing soon. Leafhoppers should be tolerated unless scouting indicates an average of 3/leaf. Potato leafhoppers have not been seen yet.
European Red Mite (ERM): Mites have been found in a few blocks of Red Delicious at low levels. Mites should not be tolerated at levels greater than 2 mites/leaf from May through Early June.
Pear
Pear Psylla: Pear Psylla adults are now laying eggs for the second generation. Recent work in the Hudson Valley suggests that cover sprays with 1 gal/100gals of summer oil provides good suppression of Psylla by repelling adults and dislodging eggs from leaves. Oil will also kill newly hatched nymphs. More information on this approach can be found here:http://tinyurl.com/6pu826p. Eggs should begin hatching over the next week or two. This is excellent timing if using Delegate or neonicotinoids (Assail, Belay, Calypso) for CM control. The effectiveness of these materials for Psylla control can be improved by adding 1 qt/100 gals of horticultural oil or summer oil. DO NOT use this mix with oriental pears, unless you know that your specific variety can tolerate the oil mix. Apply at the highest labeled rates for best results. Avoid applying oil in very hot weather. Movento is also a good psylla material. Ideally, Movento should be applied a week prior to the expected hatch, since its needs time to move systemically into the tree. It may take 2 applications if high numbers of Psylla are present. Follow the Movento label instructions for the addition of adjuvants.Scouting Calendar
The following table is intended as an aid for orchard scouting. It should not be used to time pesticide applications. Median dates for pest events and crop phenology are displayed. These dates are compiled from observations made over the past 5-10 years in Gloucester County. Events in northern New Jersey should occur 7-10 days later.| Pest Event or Growth Stage | Approximate Date | 2012 Observed Date |
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)
|
April 16 +/- 7 Days
|
March 26
|
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)
|
April 20 +/- 9 Days
|
April 11
|
Petal Fall (Redhaven)
|
April 21 +/- 9 Days
|
April 10
|
Petal Fall (Red Delicious)
|
April 27 +/- 13 Days
|
April 26
|
Shuck Split (Redhaven)
|
April 29 +/- 7 Days
|
April 18
|
Tufted Apple Bud Moth Biofix
|
May 4 +/- 10 Days
|
April 23
|
Plum Curculio Oviposition Begins
|
May 5 +/- 16 Days
|
April 23
|
Rusty Spot Symptoms
|
May 12 +/- 19 Days
|
May 7
|
Codling Moth Biofix
|
May 14 +/- 16 Days
|
April 14
|
CM 1st gen 150 DD target
|
May14 +/- 8 Days
|
May 1
|
OFM Flagging
|
May 15 +/- 4 Days
|
Not yet observed
|
CM 1st gen 250 DD target
|
May 25 +/- 10 Days
|
Not yet observed
|
White Peach scale Crawlers-1st gen.
|
May 26 +/- 11 Days
|
Not yet observed
|
2nd Pear Psylla hatch
|
May 30 +/- 2 Days
|
Not yet observed
|
San Jose Scale Crawlers-1st gen.
|
June 2 +/- 8 Days
|
Not yet observed
|
TABM - 1st Gen DD target begins
|
June 2 +/- 7 Days
|
Not yet observed
|
CM 1st gen 450 DD target
|
June 4 +/- 8 Days
|
Not yet observed
|
CM 1st gen 550 DD target
|
June 12 +/- 3 days
|
Not yet observed
|
Blueberry
Leafrollers and Other Leps: Sampling shows that 23% of shoot and beating tray samples have been positive for low levels of worms. None of the 135 samples were at threshold levels, and the most common species seen continues to be Green Fruitworm (GFW). None of the GFW was associated with fruit clusters. Only minor foliar feeding has been observed. Since most of these species have 1 generation it is not expected to be present by the time fruit is harvested. We recently began checking fruit for the presence of any injury including worm damage (Leafrollers and CBFW/CFW) and among the 78 recent fruit samples none of the injury seen could be positively connected with worm activity with the exception of 1 sample.Aphids: About 50% of shoot samples are showing low levels of aphids. In most cases these have been single insects and small colonies. All activity has been close to the crown. Only 7% of samples show any shoot infestation over the 10% level. Several observations of predators have been made recently such as Lady Beetle adults and larvae as well as Lacewings in monitored blocks. Use of harsh insecticides now may create higher aphid levels as a result of their toxic affect on beneficials.
Plum Curculio (PC): Adults are being seen in 6% of our beating tray samples. All PC sampling has been in untreated blocks due to the presence of bees. With bees coming out, and insecticide applications starting, PC presence will decrease. This season we reached our peak of PC activity during the week ending 4/21 when we were finding adults in 9% of samples. In recent years this number was as high as 16%. Low temperatures may have helped suppress PC activity and resulting fruit injury. Scouting records show that in most seasons PC are no longer active by the 1st or 2nd week of June. Fruit Injury: At this point all farms have been scouted for PC fruit injury, and 20% of samples show some level of egg scars. In all but 5 samples the maximum injury level was only 0.1% damage (1 berry in 1000 with egg scars). The highest level seen was at 1.3% (13 in 1000) injury taken at a wooded boarder Duke block in Atlantic County.
Tree Fruit Insect Trap Counts – Southern Counties
|
||||||||||
Weekend
|
STLM | TABM-A | CM | AM | OFM-A | DWB | OFM-P | TABM-P | LPTB | PTB |
3/24
|
2
|
3
|
0.17
|
|||||||
3/31
|
2
|
27
|
0.28
|
|||||||
4/07
|
7
|
2
|
0.14
|
|||||||
4/14
|
3
|
0
|
24
|
0.34
|
0
|
|||||
4/21
|
9
|
0.3
|
11
|
49
|
2
|
0
|
||||
4/28
|
5
|
1
|
12
|
52
|
2
|
1
|
||||
5/5
|
4
|
1
|
4
|
13
|
0
|
1
|
39
|
|||
Tree Fruit Insect Trap Counts – Northern Counties
|
||||||||||
Weekend
|
STLM
|
CM
|
TABM-A
|
AM
|
DWB
|
OBLR
|
OFM-P
|
TABM-P
|
LPTB
|
PTB
|
3/24
|
15
|
0
|
||||||||
3/31
|
51
|
0
|
||||||||
4/07
|
71
|
0
|
||||||||
4/14
|
88
|
0
|
1.8
|
|||||||
4/21
|
202
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
6.7
|
||||||
4/28
|
56
|
8.2
|
0.0
|
6.9
|
||||||
5/5
|
9
|
2.5
|
0.4
|
1.2
|
0.1
|
0
|
0
|
|||
Blueberry Insect Trap Counts - Atlantic County
|
|||||||
Week Ending
|
CBFW
|
RBLR
|
OBLR
|
SNLH
|
Or. Beetle
|
BBM
|
BMSB
|
4/7
|
105
|
||||||
4/14
|
51
|
||||||
4/21
|
2.6
|
25
|
|||||
4/28
|
0.43
|
5.6
|
|||||
5/5
|
0.27
|
1.3
|
|||||
Blueberry Insect Trap Counts - Burlington County
|
|||||||
Week Ending
|
CBFW
|
RBLR
|
OBLR
|
SNLH
|
Or. Beetle
|
BBM
|
BMSB
|
4/7
|
49
|
||||||
4/14
|
42
|
||||||
4/21
|
.25
|
16
|
|||||
4/28
|
.4
|
4.3
|
|||||
5/5
|
0.52
|
3.38
|
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