David Schmitt, Eugene Rizio and Atanas Atanassov,
Program Associates, Tree Fruit IPM
- Peach
- Apple
- Pear
- Blueberry
Peach
Bacterial Spot: Recent weather conditions continue to be very favorable for Bacterial Spot Infection. Make sure to maintain coverage with antibiotics or copper applications prior to rain events in order to minimize the impact of these infections.
Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): Timings for TABM control are outlined below. This is now a minor pest, due to its increased control over the last 6 years. However, if you are a grower who did have TABM damage last year, you are advised to use the timings that follow:
| Conventional, Diamides | Conventional, Diamides | Intrepid, Rimon | Bt | |
| County Area | AM | EM | EM | EM |
| Southern | 1st about 5/23-5/26; 2nd 5/29-6/1 |
1st 5/26-5/28 | 1st 5/26-6/1 | 1st 5/28-6/1 |
| Central | 1st about 5/25-5/27 | 1st 5/29-5/31 | 1st 5/26- 5/28 | 1st 6/1-6/3 |
| Northern | Too early to predict |
Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM): The first generation flight is over in southern and central counties. Mating disruption dispensers can be placed now in southern and central counties, and next week in northern counties. For those growers, the following is reprinted from the last newsletter.
Applying mating disruption for OFM: Growers who plan to employ mating disruption should place ties in the orchard now, or begin applying sprayable pheromone after the first generation is over (end of the week to early next week in southern counties and about 10 days later in northern counties). If using the sprayable, Checkmate OFM-F (Suterra) should be applied in a solid application @ 1.32-2.93 ozs. per acre with 2 applications: One application prior to the beginning of the next flight or within the 6-7 days; and again at mid-flight (early to mid June). Checkmate can also be used as a low rate frequent application (LRFA). Add 0.25-0.8 ozs. in cover sprays at 7-10 day intervals. If spraying alternate middle, double the desired rate/ac. Tend toward the high rate for both solid and alternate middle LRFA application methods if your orchard has high pressure or if frequent rains are forecast.Native Stink Bugs and Other Catfacing Insects: Stinkbugs activity will undoubtedly increase once a warmer weather pattern is established. So far catfacing injury has been about normal in southern counties.
Rusty Spot (RS): New rusty spot lesions are still being seen. Infections are often found near hedgerows containing Multiflora Rose or near apple plantings. Maintain coverage with effective materials for Rusty Spot until pit hardening in mid-June.
Brown Rot: Late season blossom infection symptoms are now appearing in some blocks at low to moderate levels. To prevent latent fruit infections maintain coverage with Captan or other very effective materials during wet weather.
Apple
Codling Moth (CM): The following chart updates application timings for southern, central and northern counties. Overall, trap counts are low, but a few sites still show populations above treatment levels, even though 2 timed treatments may have already been applied. Two farms in northern counties have adult trap captures up to 40 to 77 males per trap.
Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
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Application and Insecticide Type
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County Area
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Rimon:
75-100DD + 14-17 days later
Intrepid: 150 + 450 DD
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Intrepid
150 + 450 DD
Diamides - Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD) + 14-21 days later
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Cyd-X, Carpovirusine
250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)
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Standard Insecticides, Diamides – Belt, Tourismo
250 DD + 550 DD
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DD
|
50
|
100
|
150
|
150
|
450
|
250
|
250
|
550
|
Southern
|
Past
|
Past
|
Past
|
Past
|
5/29
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Past
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Past
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5/30-31
|
Central
|
Past
|
Past
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5/9
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5/9
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5/29-30
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5/16
|
5/16
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6/3-4
|
Northern
|
Past
|
Past
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5/13
|
5/13
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6/1-3
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5/19
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5/19
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6/11-12
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Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): See peach section.
Plum Curculio (PC): By the end of the week orchards in southern counties will have passed the 308DD after McIntosh petal fall as marked by the New York model. No additional targeted insecticides need to be applied for PC. The model assumes that the last insecticide will provide additional protection for 10 to 14 days. This model was de- veloped in apples and works in NJ on apples. We are not as sure how it may work in peaches and nectarines. Some fresh injury was found last week in nectarines. Adults were also seen feeding on nectarines in Hunterdon and Morris Counties. Unless they are used at the higher rates, pyrethroids should not be relied upon for PC control, especially if temperatures are forecast to be 80 or above, and in blocks which have a history of injury. In stone fruit, growers should maintain coverage, especially around orchard borders, with effective materials until late May.
White Apple Leafhopper (WALH); Aphids (Spirea and Apple Aphids): As aphid populations increase, grow- ers have various options. Do not consider the green/spirea aphid complex as a primary pest, since it takes at least 50% of terminals to be infested in order to justify treatments. Growers who used Assail or Calypso for codling moth control will have already controlled aphids and leafhoppers. Potato leafhoppers (PLH) should be appearing any time now. PLH should not be tolerated where fire blight is present since they have been shown to transmit the disease. All materials effective for aphids and WALH should control PLH. When considering BMSB control, Thionex (endosulfan) should also control aphids and leafhoppers. Belay, Assail, Actara or any premix with those materials will also control aphids and leafhoppers, and provide early BMSB control.
European Red Mite (ERM): Mites have been found in a few blocks of Red Delicious at low levels. Mites should not be tolerated at levels greater than 2 mites/leaf from May through early June. In some blocks the predatory mite Z. mali have been found to be active and laying eggs. Where these are present miticide applications might be delayed. For idenfication of this beneficial refer to http://tinyurl.com/cc9kuns
Fire Blight: Fire blight strikes were noted in southern county apples last week. The conditions on May 9 were very favorable for further infections.
Pear
Pear Psylla: Pear Psylla adults continue laying eggs for the second generation. Hatch should begin in about a week or two, and often coincides with the 550 DD timed applications for CM. More on this next week.
Scouting Calendar
The following table is intended as an aid for orchard scouting. It should not be used to time pesticide applications. Median dates for pest events and crop phenology are displayed. These dates are compiled from observations made over the past 5-10 years in Gloucester County. Events in northern New Jersey should occur 7-10 days later.
| Pest Event or Growth Stage | Approximate Date | 2012 Observed Date |
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)
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April 16 +/- 7 Days
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March 26
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Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)
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April 20 +/- 9 Days
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April 11
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Petal Fall (Redhaven)
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April 21 +/- 9 Days
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April 10
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Petal Fall (Red Delicious)
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April 27 +/- 13 Days
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April 26
|
Shuck Split (Redhaven)
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April 29 +/- 7 Days
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April 18
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Tufted Apple Bud Moth Biofix
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May 4 +/- 10 Days
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April 23
|
Plum Curculio Oviposition Begins
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May 5 +/- 16 Days
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April 23
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Rusty Spot Symptoms
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May 12 +/- 19 Days
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May 7
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Codling Moth Biofix
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May 14 +/- 16 Days
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April 14
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CM 1st gen 150 DD target
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May14 +/- 8 Days
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May 1
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OFM Flagging
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May 15 +/- 4 Days
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Not yet observed
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CM 1st gen 250 DD target
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May 25 +/- 10 Days
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May 10
|
White Peach scale Crawlers-1st gen.
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May 26 +/- 11 Days
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Not yet observed
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2nd Pear Psylla hatch
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May 30 +/- 2 Days
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Not yet observed
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San Jose Scale Crawlers-1st gen.
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June 2 +/- 8 Days
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Not yet observed
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TABM - 1st Gen DD target begins
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June 2 +/- 7 Days
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Not yet observed
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CM 1st gen 450 DD target
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June 4 +/- 8 Days
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Not yet observed
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CM 1st gen 550 DD target
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June 12 +/- 3 days
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Not yet observed
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Blueberry
Plum Curculio (PC): Beating tray samples showed adults in 6% of our samples, about the same as last week. One site was scouted after an all day rain while the bushes were still soaked and adult PC were seen in the tray samples. Fruit samples are showing egg scars and/or fruit feeding at a frequency of 38% injured cluster samples. The percentage of fruit samples over the 1% injury level is now at 8%. PC is clearly a key pest at the present time and still active. Insecticides should be chosen that have some PC activity.
Leafrollers and Other Leps: About 15% of shoot / beating tray samples have been positive for worms and 2 samples have exceeded the threshold of 5% shoots infested. Fruit samples in a few sites have evidence of larval feed- ing. This is all external injury that will cause the injured fruit to drop. Obliquebanded leafroller larvae are maturing and pupating. As the larvae mature, they stop feeding, pupate and emerge as adults. The first adult was seen on 5/14.
Aphids: Scouting has shown that 47% of shoot samples show some level of aphid infestation. We saw 12% of the samples taken with over 10% of shoots infested. This is only a slight increase over the previous week.
Cranberry Fruitworm (CBFW): No fruit injury has been seen yet but should start to appear soon in areas of higher activity.
Tree Fruit Insect Trap Counts – Southern Counties
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Weekend
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STLM | TABM-A | CM | AM | OFM-A | DWB | OFM-P | TABM-P | LPTB | PTB |
3/24
|
2
|
3
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0.17
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3/31
|
2
|
27
|
0.28
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4/07
|
7
|
2
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0.14
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4/14
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3
|
0
|
24
|
0.34
|
0
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|||||
4/21
|
9
|
0.3
|
11
|
49
|
2
|
0
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||||
4/28
|
5
|
1
|
12
|
52
|
2
|
1
|
||||
5/5
|
4
|
1
|
4
|
13
|
0
|
1
|
39
|
|||
5/12
|
2
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
0
|
6
|
60
|
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Tree Fruit Insect Trap Counts – Northern Counties
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Weekend
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STLM
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CM
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TABM-A
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AM
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DWB
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OBLR
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OFM-P
|
TABM-P
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LPTB
|
PTB
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3/24
|
15
|
0
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3/31
|
51
|
0
|
||||||||
4/07
|
71
|
0
|
||||||||
4/14
|
88
|
0
|
1.8
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|||||||
4/21
|
202
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
6.7
|
||||||
4/28
|
56
|
8.2
|
0.0
|
6.9
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5/5
|
9
|
2.5
|
0.4
|
1.2
|
0.1
|
0
|
0
|
|||
5/12
|
21
|
7.1
|
4.6
|
1.2
|
3.2
|
11.7
|
0
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Blueberry Insect Trap Counts - Atlantic County
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Week Ending
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CBFW
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RBLR
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OBLR
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SNLH
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Or. Beetle
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BBM
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BMSB
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4/7
|
105
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4/14
|
51
|
||||||
4/21
|
2.6
|
25
|
|||||
4/28
|
0.43
|
5.6
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|||||
5/5
|
0.27
|
1.3
|
|||||
5/12
|
0.91
|
0.7
|
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Blueberry Insect Trap Counts - Burlington County
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Week Ending
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CBFW
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RBLR
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OBLR
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SNLH
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Or. Beetle
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BBM
|
BMSB
|
4/7
|
49
|
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4/14
|
42
|
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4/21
|
.25
|
16
|
|||||
4/28
|
.4
|
4.3
|
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5/5
|
0.52
|
3.38
|
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5/12
|
2.8
|
0.25
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